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3. Schoenoplectus (H.G.L.Reichenb.) Palla, Bot. Jahrb. 10: 298. 1888 "1889"; nom. cons; Kukkonen in Rech.f., Fl. Iran. 173: 22. 1998.
Scirpus sect. Schoenoplectus H.G.L. Reichenb., Icon. Fl. Germ. 8: 40. 1846.
Annuals or perennials. Rhizome creeping, or short, with or without stolons. Stem from 10 cm to more than 2 m, terete or trigonous, smooth. Leaves mostly reduced to 2-3, soft, ephemeral sheaths; ligule probably allways present. Inflorescence pseudolateral, from group of spikes to anthelodium; lowest bract forming continuation to stem, erect or later often spreading, or reflexed. Glumes spirally arranged. Flowers bisexual, with or without perianth bristles, bristles retrorsely barbed or plumose, stamens 2-3, stigmas 2 or 3. Nut trigonous or bi-convex, compressed, surface transversely rugulose or smooth; amphicarpous nuts present in some groups.
Resembling Scirpus s. str. and Actinoscirpus, but leaf blades reduced and inflorescence smaller, pseudolateral; perianth bristles present or missing.
A genus with c. 60 species, distributed on all continents; represented in Pakistan by 11 species.
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| 1 (1) |
Perennials with long horizontal rhizome or stolons, 50-150. cm. |
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(1) |
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Annuals, or perennials with short rhizome, 15-70 cm. |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Perianth bristles plumose. |
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4 S. litoralis |
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Perianth bristles retrorsely barbed or reduced. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Stem sharply trigonous. |
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2 S. triqueter |
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Stem terete. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Perianth bristles reduced or weakly developed, stigmas 3. |
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3 S. corymbosus |
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Perianth bristles well developed, stigmas 2 or 3. |
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1 S. lacustris |
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| 5 (5) |
Perianth bristles present. |
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(5) |
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Perianth bristles absent; when occasionally present, then weakly developed, unequal. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (6) |
Perennial with short rhizome, or annual, stem sharply trigonous. |
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(6) |
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Annual, stem more or less terete, not sharply angular. |
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5 S. juncoides |
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| 7 |
Plants 40-70 cm, inflorescence formed by 6-15 spikes, glumes 2.7-3.2 mm, nut 1.7-1.9 x 1.4-1.5 mm. |
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7 S. mucronatus |
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Plants 10-20 cm, inflorescence formed by 1-3 spikes, glumes 3.4-3.6 mm, nut 2 x 1.7 mm. |
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6 S. rechingeri |
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| 8 |
Stem septate. |
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8 S. praelongatus |
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Stem not septate. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Two bracts leaf-like, lowest bract more than 10 cm, next higher bract reflexed, to 15 mm; as a rule at least one spike peduncled; laef blades at uppermost sheath mostly c. 0.5 cm, occasionally up to 10 cm. |
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9 S. lateriflorus |
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Only one of bracts leaf-like, green; all spikes sessile (seldom peduncled); leaf-blades reduced to a mucro. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Glumes 2.8-3.6 mm, golden brown, glossy, not keeled; nuts 1.2-1.3 x 0.8-1 mm. |
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10 S. lupulinus |
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Glumes 2.1-2.7 mm, yellowish brown or brown, keeled; nuts 1.3-1.6 x 1-1.3 mm. |
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11 S. supinus |
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List of lower taxa
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