| 1 (1) |
Flowers (at least some) bisexual (subfam. Cyperoideae). |
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(1) |
| + |
Flowers unisexual (subfam. Caricoideae, tribe Cariceae). |
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(2) |
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| 2 (2) |
Spikes many-flowered; if only 2-3 flowers, then with at most, 1 or 2 empty basal glumes (Cyperus subg. Mariscus, and Kyllinga). |
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(2) |
| + |
Spikes with few flowers (mostly 1-2); 2 to several basal glumes empty. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (3) |
Leaves reduced to basal sheaths (in submerged plants often elongated blades, e.g., in Schoenoplectus). |
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(3) |
| + |
At least some basal leaves with blades. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Inflorescence a simple spike. |
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10 Eleocharis |
| + |
Inflorescence multiple spike or anthelodium. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Glumes in spikelets arranged distichously. |
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15 Cyperus |
| + |
Glumes arranged spirally. |
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3 Schoenoplectus |
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| 6 |
Stem leafy with several elongated internodes; glumes truncate, hairy, scarious, metallic grey; perianth bristles missing. |
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14 Fuirena |
| + |
Leaves basal, stem with one much elongated internode; glumes not as above; perianth bristles present or absent. |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Inflorescence a solitary spike; leaves much reduced. |
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7 Trichophorum |
| + |
Inflorescence a multiple spike or anthelodium; leaf blades long. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (8) |
Perianth bristles finally much exceeding glumes. |
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(8) |
| + |
Perianth bristles not exceeding glumes or absent. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Inflorescence formed by several peduncled spikes. |
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8 Erioscirpus |
| + |
Inflorescence a single head. |
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9 Eriophorum |
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| 10 |
Spikes congested into pseudo-lateral, spherical heads. |
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4 Scirpoides |
| + |
Spikes not in pseudo-lateral, spherical heads. |
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(11) |
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| 11 (11) |
Style base enlarged into a stylopodium. |
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(11) |
| + |
Style base not enlarged into a stylopodium. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Nut crowned by a persistent small stylopodium. |
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13 Bulbostylis |
| + |
Stylopodium deciduous. |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Inflorescence with 1-3 spikes. |
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11 Abildgaardia |
| + |
Inflorescence with several to numerous spikes. |
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12 Fimbristylis |
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| 14 (14) |
Perianth bristles present. |
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(14) |
| + |
Perianth bristles absent. |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Spikes distichously arranged (3-18 sessile spikes, 5-8 mm). |
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5 Blysmus |
| + |
Spikes not distichously arranged. |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Inflorescence formed by less than 15 spikes, 8 - 30 mm. |
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2 Bolboschoenus |
| + |
Inflorescence an anthelodium, spikelets numerous, 3-7 mm. |
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1 Actinoscirpus |
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| 17 (17) |
Glumes spirally arranged. |
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(17) |
| + |
Glumes distichous. |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Glumes cymbiform, midnerve barely reaching apex. |
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6 Isolepis |
| + |
Glumes with short obtrullate lamina and long squarrose arista. |
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18 Lipocarpha |
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| 19 |
Nuts with flat face towards spike axis. |
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15 Cyperus |
| + |
Nuts with edge facing spike axis. |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Inflorescence a multiple spike or anthelodium; spikes with more than (8-)10 glumes. |
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16 Pycreus |
| + |
Inflorescence formed by 1-3 heads; spikes with less than 6 glumes. |
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17 Kyllinga |
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| 21 |
Inflorescence a single terminal group of spikes. |
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19 Schoenus |
| + |
Inflorescence formed by several groups of spikes at each stem node |
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20 Cladium |
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| 22 |
Utricle abaxially more or less open, at least, basal ones, and beak not differentiated; staminate flowers on axis which extends from, or remains as sterile rachilla enclosed in utricle. |
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21 Kobresia |
| + |
Utricle closed, mostly beaked; rachilla mostly not present or, when present, sterile and mostly hidden within utricle. |
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22 Carex |
