| 1 |
Herbs, sometimes with a woody base. |
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(2) |
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Trees, shrubs, or woody climbers. |
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(5) |
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| 2 (1) |
Plants with stolons; corolla violet |
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12 Vinca |
| + |
Plants without stolons; corolla mostly pink or white, sometimes bluish. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaf blade with pale venation; corolla tube narrow, 2-3 cm |
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11 Catharanthus |
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Leaf blade without pale venation; corolla tube narrow or broad, up to 1 cm. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Corolla salverform, lobes overlapping to left; all leaves alternate |
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10 Amsonia |
| + |
Corolla campanulate or basin-shaped, lobes overlapping to right; usually some leaves opposite |
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36 Apocynum |
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| 5 (1) |
Shrubs or climbers with straight spines |
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1 Carissa |
| + |
Plants without spines. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Leaves alternate. |
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(7) |
| + |
Leaves opposite or whorled. |
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(9) |
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| 7 (6) |
Branchlets mostly 2-3 cm in diam.; flowers waxy; fruit a follicle; seeds winged |
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8 Plumeria |
| + |
Branchlets less than 1 cm in diam.; flowers not waxy; fruit a drupe; seeds wingless. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Corolla white, often with a deep pink-red or yellow throat, tube cylindric or nearly so; fruit subglobose |
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18 Cerbera |
| + |
Corolla yellow, tube funnelform; fruit rhomboid or nearly so |
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17 Thevetia |
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| 9 (6) |
Leaves whorled, at least toward tips of branches. |
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(10) |
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All leaves opposite. |
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(16) |
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| 10 (9) |
Corolla yellow, tube at least 4 cm; fruit globose, prickly |
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20 Allamanda |
| + |
Corolla variously colored, usually not yellow, tube up to 2.2 cm; fruit globose or not, smooth. |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Corolla tube funnelform, 1.2-2.2 cm, with corona; leaves thick, lanceolate, with dark reticulate venation abaxially; fruit a united pair of follicles |
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28 Nerium |
| + |
Corolla tube almost cylindric, mostly up to 1 cm, if longer then without a corona; leaves often not very thick, variously shaped; fruit a pair of drupes or free follicle. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Climbers, if erect shrubs then fruit moniliform with 1-4 drupelike articles. |
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(13) |
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Erect trees or shrubs, fruit not moniliform. |
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(14) |
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| 13 (12) |
Leaves with hairy domatia; fruit follicular, constricted; seeds comose |
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39 Parameria |
| + |
Leaves without hairy domatia; fruit moniliform, sometimes globose, transversely constricted into 2-5 drupelike articles |
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14 Alyxia |
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| 14 (12) |
Fruit slender follicles; seeds hairy; disc of 2 separate glands alternating with carpels, small annular, or absent; often big trees |
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9 Alstonia |
| + |
Fruit drupes; seeds not hairy; disc ringlike, cup-shaped, or absent; small trees or shrubs. |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Corolla lobes overlapping to right, often suberect; disc absent; drupes mostly more than 3 cm; mesocarp fibrous |
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16 Ochrosia |
| + |
Corolla lobes overlapping to left, spreading; disc ringlike or cup-shaped; drupes up to 2 cm; mesocarp fleshy |
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13 Rauvolfia |
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| 16 (9) |
Corolla lobes overlapping to left. |
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(17) |
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Corolla lobes overlapping to right. |
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(51) |
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| 17 (16) |
Climbers. |
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(18) |
| + |
Trees or shrubs. |
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(21) |
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| 18 (17) |
Corolla tube cylindric or narrowed at throat; fruit berrylike. |
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(19) |
| + |
Corolla tube funnelform or nearly so, not narrowed at throat; fruit follicular. |
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(20) |
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| 19 (18) |
Disc absent; calyx without colleters inside; corolla with faucal corona scales, tube almost cylindric |
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3 Melodinus |
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Disc cylindric, thick, fleshy; calyx with basal colleters inside; corolla without faucal corona scales, tube inflated at base, contracted at mouth |
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4 Bousigonia |
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| 20 (18) |
Corolla tube 2-2.5 mm; follicles moniliform |
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39 Parameria |
| + |
Corolla tube ca. 12 mm; follicles narrowly fusiform |
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42 Parepigynum |
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| 21 (17) |
Leaf blades with numerous parallel secondary veins; fruit samaroid follicles |
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19 Cameraria |
| + |
Leaf blades with secondary veins clearly separate from each other and usually with tertiary veins; fruit berries or wingless follicles. |
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(42) |
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| 22 |
Stamens well exserted; corona usually present; fruit long dry follicles; seeds comose |
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29 Wrightia |
| + |
Stamens included or barely exserted; corona absent; fruit mostly berrylike; seeds not comose. |
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(44) |
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| 23 |
Inflorescences fascicled, axillary; fruit of united carpels |
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2 Acokanthera |
| + |
Inflorescences corymbose, terminal, at branch forks, or sometimes axillary; fruit of at least partly separated carpels. |
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(46) |
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| 24 |
Branching not dichotomous; submarginal leaf veins present; corolla tube ca. 7 as long as calyx |
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5 Hunteria |
| + |
Branching dichotomous; submarginal leaf veins absent or obscure; corolla tube long or short. |
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(48) |
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| 25 |
Corolla tube slightly shorter or longer than calyx; calyx shed before fruit develops, lobes recurved |
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6 Voacanga |
| + |
Corolla tube at least 4 as long as calyx; calyx persistent at fruit base, lobes erect in fresh flowers |
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7 Tabernaemontana |
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| 26 |
Trees or shrubs; corolla lobes not caudate. |
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(52) |
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Climbers, if plants erect, corolla lobes caudate (Strophanthus). |
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(59) |
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| 27 |
Corolla tube 2.3-5 cm, very narrow; fruit drupaceous; seeds not comose |
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15 Kopsia |
| + |
Corolla tube up to 1.9 cm; fruit follicular; seeds comose. |
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(54) |
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| 28 |
Peduncle 0.9-1.7 cm; sepals mostly pubescent outside; corolla tube 0.9-1.9 cm; seeds not beaked |
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35 Holarrhena |
| + |
Peduncle absent or to 0.8 cm; sepals glabrous or sparsely puberulent outside; corolla tube up to 1.3 cm; seeds beaked. |
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(55) |
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| 29 |
Stamens exserted; pedicel 1.5-3 cm; corolla lobes 1.2-1.8 as long as tube; domatia mostly absent |
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33 Kibatalia |
| + |
Stamens included; pedicel 2-8 mm; corolla lobes 0.4-0.9 as long as tube; domatia consisting of pits |
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34 Funtumia |
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| 30 |
Corolla funnelform to subcampanulate and/or tube more than 2 cm, nearly urceolate (Urceola) or subrotate (Vallaris). |
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(60) |
| + |
Corolla salverform, tube up to 1.4 cm (1.5-2.5 cm in Aganosmabenthamiana). |
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(73) |
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| 31 |
Corolla with corona, lobes caudate or sometimes (S.gratus) not; seeds beaked |
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32 Strophanthus |
| + |
Corolla without corona, lobes not caudate; seeds mostly not beaked. |
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(62) |
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| 32 |
Stamens exserted. |
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(63) |
| + |
Stamens included. |
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(66) |
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| 33 |
Filaments long, without a dorsal gland; corolla broadly funnelform |
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30 Beaumontia |
| + |
Filaments short, with a dorsal gland; corolla subrotate |
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31 Vallaris |
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| 34 |
Corolla tube 1-4 mm, nearly urceolate; inflorescences many flowered, lax |
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38 Urceola |
| + |
Corolla tube at least 20 mm; inflorescences usually few flowered, not lax. |
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(68) |
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| 35 |
Plants glabrous or nearly so |
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21 Mandevilla |
| + |
Plants conspicuously hairy. |
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(70) |
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| 36 |
Corolla tube cylindric, limb spreading horizontally, often very wide; follicles more than 5 as long as wide |
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24 Chonemorpha |
| + |
Corolla tube clearly widened toward throat, limb probably not horizontal; follicles ca. 3 as long as wide |
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25 Amalocalyx |
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| 37 |
Stamens exserted. |
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(74) |
| + |
Stamens included. |
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(77) |
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| 38 |
Corolla tube 7-13 mm; filaments straight; follicles very slender, of separate carpels |
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27 Pottsia |
| + |
Corolla tube to 5 mm; filaments strongly twisted; follicles rather thick, of united carpels |
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26 Parsonsia |
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| 39 |
Anther apex with long soft hairs. |
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(78) |
| + |
Anther apex glabrous. |
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(81) |
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| 40 |
Corolla tube 5-15 mm, 3-8.7 as long as sepals |
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44 Sindechites |
| + |
Corolla tube 1.6-2.5 mm, 1.3-2.3 as long as sepals |
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43 Cleghornia |
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| 41 |
Disc divided into 5 erect segments or 5 free scales. |
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(82) |
| + |
Disc entire or shortly 5-lobed. |
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(87) |
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| 42 (21) |
Corolla tube ca. 5 as long as sepals, 1.5-1.7 cm; inflorescences terminal |
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41 Epigynum |
| + |
Corolla tube mostly to 3 as long as sepals, to 1.4 cm; inflorescences axillary and/or terminal. |
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(84) |
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| 43 |
Corolla tube 4.5-14 mm, lobes 5-14 mm, forming in bud a large, rather narrowly ovoid, subacuminate head much wider than tube which is clearly widened around or above middle of stamens |
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22 Trachelospermum |
| + |
Corolla tube 2.5-3 mm, lobes 3-5 mm, forming in bud a small subglobose or ovoid, rounded or blunt head not or slightly wider than tube which is ± barrel-shaped |
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40 Ichnocarpus |
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| 44 (22) |
Sepals more than twice as long as wide, acuminate or acute, often spreading and longer than corolla tube, if about half as long, then leaf blade with a submarginal vein (A. marginata) |
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23 Aganosma |
| + |
Sepals less than twice as long as wide, acute to rounded, erect or apically slightly spreading, up to half as long as corolla tube. |
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(89) |
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| 45 |
Corolla lobes neither twisted nor forming a head in bud; bud rounded, almost cylindric |
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40 Ichnocarpus |
| + |
Corolla lobes twisted in bud, forming a large ovoid head; bud subacute. |
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(91) |
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| 46 (23) |
Corolla tube bottle-shaped, clearly narrowed at apex; follicles cylindric |
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24 Chonemorpha |
| + |
Corolla tube cylindric or nearly so; follicles very narrowly ovoid |
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37 Anodendron |
