| 1 |
Bracteoles funnelform or deeply concave, enclosing flower buds. |
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(2) |
| + |
Bracteoles flat or slightly concave, sometimes very small (ca. 1 mm) or absent. |
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(27) |
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| 2 (1) |
Bracteoles funnelform, persistent; corolla lobes 0.5--1.2 cm; labellum 0.5--1.5 cm; bracts small. |
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(3) |
| + |
Bracteoles shell-shaped, deciduous after anthesis; corolla lobes 1.8--4.5 cm; labellum more than 2 cm, bracts absent. |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Labellum ca. 1.5 cm; capsule black, 1.2--1.5 cm in diam. |
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1 Alpinia nigra |
| + |
Labellum ca. 0.5 cm; capsule not black, 0.8--1 cm in diam. |
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2 Alpinia conchigera |
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| 4 (2) |
Inflorescence a panicle. |
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(5) |
| + |
Inflorescence a raceme or spike. |
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(9) |
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| 5 (4) |
Capsule ribbed. |
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(6) |
| + |
Capsule not ribbed. |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Inflorescences erect, rachis subglabrous; labellum ca. 3 cm |
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3 Alpinia formosana |
| + |
Inflorescences drooping, rachis densely tomentose; labellum 4--6 cm |
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4 Alpinia zerumbet |
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| 7 (5) |
Petiole absent; leaf blade glabrous, 2--3.5 cm wide; labellum obovate, 2.7--3.5 × 1.5--2 cm |
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5 Alpinia calcarata |
| + |
Petiole 2.5--9 cm; leaf blade pubescent abaxially, 6--20 cm wide; labellum 3.5--4 × 3--3.8 cm. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Ligule 2-lobed; bracteoles deep red, 2--3.3 cm; corolla lobes white tinged with red, ca. 2.2 cm |
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6 Alpinia guinanensis |
| + |
Ligule entire; bracteoles brown, 3--4 cm; corolla lobes wholly white, 3--3.6 cm |
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7 Alpinia menghaiensis |
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| 9 (4) |
Inflorescence a spike. |
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(10) |
| + |
Inflorescence a raceme. |
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(14) |
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| 10 (9) |
Labellum 1.5--2 cm. |
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(11) |
| + |
Labellum 3--4.5 cm. |
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(12) |
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| 11 (10) |
Bracteoles ca. 1.5 cm, early deciduous; corolla lobes ca. 1.5 cm; labellum ovate-rhomboidal, ca. 1.6 × 1.6 cm |
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8 Alpinia shimadae |
| + |
Bracteoles ca. 3.2 cm, persistent; corolla lobes 1.8--2.2 cm; labellum suborbicular, ca. 2 × 2 cm |
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9 Alpinia sessiliflora |
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| 12 (10) |
Corolla lobes ca. 2 cm; lateral staminodes absent; labellum white, with purple stripes toward center |
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10 Alpinia dolichocephala |
| + |
Corolla lobes 3--5 cm; lateral staminodes very small or 4--5 mm; labellum yellow at margin, yellow-red toward center. |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Spikes ca. 15 cm; bracteoles 2- or 3-toothed at apex; labellum ovate-rhomboidal, not 2-lobed at apex |
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11 Alpinia kusshakuensis |
| + |
Spikes 20--25 cm; bracteoles subrounded at apex; labellum broadly ovate-rhomboidal, shortly 2-lobed at apex |
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12 Alpinia tonrokuensis |
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| 14 (9) |
Pedicels less than 2 mm. |
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(15) |
| + |
Pedicels 2--15 mm. |
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(17) |
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| 15 (14) |
Leaf blade abaxially glabrous |
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13 Alpinia mesanthera |
| + |
Leaf blade abaxially hairy. |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Bracteoles ca. 1.2 cm; corolla lobes ciliate at margin; labellum ovate, ca. 2.2 cm |
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14 Alpinia kawakamii |
| + |
Bracteoles 4--5 cm; corolla lobes glabrous at margin; labellum obovate, 4.5--7 cm |
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15 Alpinia platychilus |
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| 17 (14) |
Leaf blade adaxially glabrous. |
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(18) |
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Leaf blade adaxially hairy. |
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(22) |
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| 18 (17) |
Labellum 3--3.8 cm. |
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(19) |
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Labellum (3.5--)3.8--5.5 cm. |
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(20) |
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| 19 (18) |
Ligule 2-cleft, ca. 10 mm; leaf blade cordate at base; labellum red, white at margin |
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16 Alpinia ovoideicarpa |
| + |
Ligule entire, 4--6 mm; leaf blade cuneate at base; labellum red with yellow center, margin not white |
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17 Alpinia blepharocalyx |
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| 20 (18) |
Pedicels 4--8 mm; lateral staminodes 4--8 mm |
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18 Alpinia napoensis |
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Pedicels 2--4 mm; lateral staminodes 2--3 mm. |
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(21) |
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| 21 (20) |
Ligule 3--10 mm; bracteoles 2--3.5 cm; labellum 3.5--4.5 cm |
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19 Alpinia hainanensis |
| + |
Ligule 10--15 mm; bracteoles ca. 5.5 cm; labellum ca. 5 cm |
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20 Alpinia uraiensis |
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| 22 (17) |
Petiole 2.5--8 cm. |
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(23) |
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Petiole less than 2.5 cm. |
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(24) |
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| 23 (22) |
Petiole 2.5--4 cm; ligule 1--2 cm; labellum ca. 4 cm, yellow at center |
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21 Alpinia emaculata |
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Petiole 4--8 cm; ligule ca. 0.8 cm; labellum ca. 2.5 cm, red at center |
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22 Alpinia kwangsiensis |
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| 24 (22) |
Lateral staminodes subulate, 6--8 mm. |
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(25) |
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Lateral staminodes absent or ca. 3 mm. |
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(26) |
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| 25 (24) |
Calyx 4--6-toothed at apex; labellum broadly ovate, 3.9--4.5 cm, yellow with red center |
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23 Alpinia rubromaculata |
| + |
Calyx 3-toothed at apex; labellum ovate, 3--3.5 cm, red with yellow center |
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17 Alpinia blepharocalyx |
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| 26 (24) |
Lateral staminodes absent; pedicel ca. 7 mm; corolla lobes densely sericeous |
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24 Alpinia malaccensis |
| + |
Lateral staminodes subulate, ca. 3 mm; pedicel ca. 3 mm; corolla lobes ciliate at margin |
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19 Alpinia hainanensis |
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| 27 (1) |
Bracteoles absent or very small (ca. 1 mm); bracts absent or minute. |
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(28) |
| + |
Bracteoles flat or concave, more than 1 mm; bracts present. |
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(38) |
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| 28 (27) |
Ligule 1--3 cm or more, membranous. |
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(29) |
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Ligule less than 0.5 cm, not membranous. |
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(31) |
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| 29 (28) |
Leaf blade linear, 1.2--2.5 cm wide |
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25 Alpinia officinarum |
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Leaf blade lanceolate, 3--6 cm wide. |
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(30) |
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| 30 (29) |
Inflorescence a panicle; labellum nearly fan-shaped, ca. 1 cm |
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26 Alpinia flabellata |
| + |
Inflorescence a raceme; labellum obovate, ca. 2 cm |
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27 Alpinia oxyphylla |
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| 31 (28) |
Leaf blade hairy on both surfaces. |
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(32) |
| + |
Leaf blade glabrous. |
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(33) |
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| 32 (31) |
Leaf blade 25--40 × 4--7 cm; racemes 15--30 cm; labellum ovate, ca. 6 mm wide |
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28 Alpinia japonica |
| + |
Leaf blade 10--18 × 2--3 cm; racemes 4--5 cm; labellum oblong-obovate or oblong, 0.8--1.6 cm |
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29 Alpinia nanchuanensis |
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| 33 (31) |
Inflorescence a spike. |
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(34) |
| + |
Inflorescence a raceme. |
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(35) |
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| 34 (33) |
Leaf sheath pubescent; spikes 1.5--6 cm; flowers usually in pairs proximally on spike rachis, solitary distally; labellum entire at margin |
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30 Alpinia bambusifolia |
| + |
Leaf sheath glabrous; spikes 10--20 cm; flowers in clusters of 3 on spike rachis; labellum crisped at margin |
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31 Alpinia jianganfeng |
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| 35 (33) |
Labellum ca. 2 cm. |
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(36) |
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Labellum (0.5--)0.7--1.6 cm. |
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(37) |
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| 36 (35) |
Leaf blade linear-lanceolate, ca. 2.3 cm wide; lateral staminodes absent; labellum obovate |
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32 Alpinia pricei |
| + |
Leaf blade linear, 0.3--1.5 cm wide; lateral staminodes linear, 8--9 mm; labellum ovate |
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33 Alpinia graminifolia |
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| 37 (35) |
Ligule cuneate, ca. 4 mm; petiole absent; racemes 4--8(--12) cm; lateral staminodes triangular, ca. 1 mm |
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34 Alpinia brevis |
| + |
Ligule 2-lobed, 2--3 mm; petiole 0.5--3 cm; racemes 9--22 cm; lateral staminodes linear, 3--4 mm |
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35 Alpinia sichuanensis |
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| 38 (27) |
Inflorescence a panicle. |
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(39) |
| + |
Inflorescence a raceme or spike. |
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(46) |
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| 39 (38) |
Panicles narrow, branches 3--6 mm; labellum 6--7 mm |
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36 Alpinia oblongifolia |
| + |
Panicles spreading, branches more than 8 mm; labellum more than 10 mm. |
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(40) |
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| 40 (39) |
Bracts and bracteoles persistent in fruit; capsule oblong or ellipsoid; petiole to 0.6 cm |
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37 Alpinia galanga |
| + |
Bracts and bracteoles early deciduous; capsule globose; petiole 1--9 cm. |
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(41) |
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| 41 (40) |
Petiole and leaf blade pubescent adaxially (sometimes glabrous in A. polyantha). |
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(42) |
| + |
Petiole and leaf blade glabrous adaxially. |
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(43) |
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| 42 (41) |
Pseudostems to 4.6 m; leaf blade to 100 × 25 cm; labellum suborbicular or oblong, ca. 2.2 × 1.8--2.2 cm |
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38 Alpinia polyantha |
| + |
Pseudostems 1--2 m; leaf blade 30--40(--80) × 8--10(--20) cm; labellum oblong-ovate, 1--1.2 × 0.6--0.7 cm |
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39 Alpinia maclurei |
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| 43 (41) |
Ligule 5--6 mm, thin; panicles glabrous |
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40 Alpinia intermedia |
| + |
Ligule 10--20 mm, thick; panicles hairy. |
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(44) |
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| 44 (43) |
Panicle branches apically 1--3-flowered; labellum 1.5--2 cm |
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41 Alpinia guangdongensis |
| + |
Panicle branches apically 3--8-flowered; labellum 1.2--1.4 cm. |
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(45) |
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| 45 (44) |
Leaf blade oblong, 10--14 cm wide; bracteoles oblong |
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42 Alpinia globosa |
| + |
Leaf blade linear-lanceolate, ca. 7 cm wide; bracteoles ovate |
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43 Alpinia tonkinensis |
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| 46 (38) |
Inflorescences conelike or cylindric, densely flowered. |
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(47) |
| + |
Inflorescences neither conelike nor cylindric, laxly flowered. |
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(48) |
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| 47 (46) |
Inflorescences conelike, 4.5--9 × 3--4 cm; bracts 1.7--2.2 cm; petiole absent to 1 cm |
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44 Alpinia strobiliformis |
| + |
Inflorescences cylindric, 7--9 × 1.5--2.5 cm; bracts less than 0.8 cm; petiole 2.5--4.5 cm |
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45 Alpinia pinnanensis |
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| 48 (46) |
Pseudostems not frondlike; leaves 1--4. |
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(49) |
| + |
Pseudostems frondlike; leaves many. |
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(50) |
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| 49 (48) |
Leaf blade adaxially green with deep green stripes along veins, glabrous; labellum white with red stripes, ovate, ca. 1.2 cm |
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46 Alpinia pumila |
| + |
Leaf blade adaxially uniformly green, glabrous except pubescent along midvein and at margin; labellum yellow with red stripes, broadly ovate, ca. 0.7 cm |
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47 Alpinia psilogyna |
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| 50 (48) |
Leaf blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic; inflorescences ca. 4 cm; labellum oblong |
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48 Alpinia coriacea |
| + |
Leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate; inflorescences 5--6 cm; labellum ovate or rhomboidal-ovate. |
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(51) |
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| 51 (50) |
Plants with odor of coriander ( Coriandrum sativum); bracts deciduous |
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49 Alpinia coriandriodora |
| + |
Plants without odor of coriander; bracts persistent. |
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(52) |
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| 52 (51) |
Leaf blade adaxially glabrous; spikes 10--16 cm; bracts densely tomentose |
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50 Alpinia stachyodes |
| + |
Leaf blade adaxially densely pubescent; spikes 7--9 cm; bracts densely sericeous |
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51 Alpinia jingxiensis |
