1	Inflorescences racemose		Key 1
+	Inflorescences not racemose.		(2)
2 (1)	Inflorescences spicate or capitate.		(3)
+	Inflorescences umbellate or flowers solitary.		(4)
3 (2)	Corolla infundibular or tubular, lobes ± spreading		Key 2
+	Corolla campanulate, lobes nearly erect, in line with tube		Key 3
4 (2)	Leaves pinnately divided or palmately divided and deeply lobed to middle		Key 4
+	Leaves entire, dentate, or only shallowly lobed.		(5)
5 (4)	Plants ± with multicellular hairs, if glabrous, then leaf blade caudate at base.		(6)
+	Plants glabrous or scabrous-puberulous.		(11)
6 (5)	Calyx cup-shaped (shorter than wide) to broadly campanulate		Key 5
+	Calyx narrowly campanulate to cylindric, longer than wide.		(7)
7 (6)	Plants with stout woody rhizomes or base with small membranous bud scales; leaves ± bullate		Key 6
+	Plants without woody rhizomes or small membranous bud scales; leaves not bullate.		(8)
8 (7)	Corolla yellow; calyx ca. as long as to longer than corolla tube		Key 7
+	Corolla pink to violet; calyx shorter than corolla tube.		(9)
9 (8)	Capsule opening by a lid		Key 8
+	Capsule opening by short teeth or crumbling irregularly.		(10)
10 (9)	Plants often farinose; calyx campanulate, lobes herbaceous, not conspicuously veined		Key 9
+	Plants efarinose; calyx narrowly campanulate to cylindric, lobes subleathery, with distinct vertical veins		Key 10
11 (5)	Leaves scabrous, short appressed pubescent, distinctly petiolate		Key 11
+	Leaves glabrous, if scabrous-puberulous, then not distinctly petiolate.		(12)
12 (11)	Plants with a long bulblike stock formed by overlapping petioles or fleshy basal bud scales		Key 12
+	Plants without long overlapping or bulblike stock.		(13)
13 (12)	Corolla campanulate, lobes erect, in line with tube		Key 13
+	Corolla infundibular, lobes usually spreading.		(14)
14 (13)	Leaf blades cordate or rounded at base, long petiolate		Key 14
+	Some leaf blades attenuate at base.		(15)
15 (14)	Corolla lobes entire		Key 15
+	Corolla lobes dentate, emarginate, or 2-lobate.		(16)
16 (15)	Capsule suboblong, or if globose, then plants less than 3 cm tall; involucral bracts swollen or saccate at base		Key 18
+	Capsule globose or ovoid-oblong, involucral bracts not swollen or saccate at base.		(17)
17 (16)	Scapes with 1 umbel of flowers, capsule submembranous, crumbling at maturity		Key 16
+	Scapes with (1 or)2 to many umbels of flowers, capsule leathery, opening by short teeth		Key 17