1	Fruit inflated, like a balloon; flowers pale blue or white (high alpine, Xinjiang and C and W Xizang).		14 C. sect. Oocapnos (p. 325)
+	Fruit not inflated like a balloon		(2)
2 (1)	Stems tapering to a leafless underground base; perennials with underground tuber or a fascicle of ± thickened storage roots (see also		277 C. anthocrene: stems pale and underground at base, but leafy throughout; storage roots pale and fleshy, but not fasciculate; leaves finely divided, crispate).
+	Lower part of stem leafy or leafless, but not tapering to a thin underground base; annual, biennial, or non-tuberous perennial		(17)
3	Plant with a fleshy underground tuber; fruit dehiscence explosive or not		(4)
+	Plant with an underground fascicle of ± swollen storage roots; fruit explosively dehiscent so that valves become coiled after dehiscence		(9)
4 (3)	Cauline leaves opposite.		8 C. sect. Leonticoides (p. 313)
+	Cauline leaves alternate		(5)
5 (4)	Stigma transversely oblong; tuber small (pea-sized), rounded or elongated, usually with leaves or leaf scars, tuber without a papery brownish outer skin.		7 C. sect. Duplotuber (p. 312)
+	Stigma flattened, rounded to squarish to obtriangular in outline; tuber with a brownish skin		(6)
6 (5)	Fruiting pedicels straight and erect; fruit explosively dehiscent; alpine plant.		16 C. sect. Dactylotuber (p. 326)
+	Fruiting pedicels recurved; fruit not explosive		(7)
7 (6)	Tuber oblong, usually basally branched; plant of alpine scree.		9 C. sect. Benecinctae (p. 313)
+	Tuber rounded, entire		(8)
8 (7)	Plant with a single conspicuous scale leaf at soil surface; non-alpine plant of early spring.		10 C. sect. Corydalis (p. 314)
+	Plant without a conspicuous scale leaf; alpine plant.		79 C. gyrophylla (p. 326)
9 (3)	Cauline leaf simple, linear.		31 C. sect. Trachycarpae (p. 365)
+	Cauline leaves divided		(10)
10 (9)	Fruiting pedicels recurved		(11)
+	Fruiting pedicels straight with pendent fruit		(13)
11 (10)	Flowers yellow.		31 C. sect. Trachycarpae (p. 365)
+	Flowers blue or purple		(12)
12 (11)	Flowers clear blue with indistinct venation; cauline leaves sessile, palmately divided.		32 C. ser. Appendiculatae (p. 383)
+	Flowers blue or purple, often with distinct veins; leaves usually pinnately divided, often rather stiff with raised midvein below.		31 C. sect. Trachycarpae (p. 365)
13 (10)	Cauline leaves twice to 3 × ternately or pinnately divided		(14)
+	Cauline leaves less divided, often digitately cut		(15)
14 (13)	Stems slender, branched, more than 10 cm tall; bulblike apical rhizome bud not prominent.		35 C. ser. Kokianae (p. 394)
+	Stems less than 10 cm tall, glaucous plant growing in scree; bulblike apical rhizome bud very prominent.		36 C. ser. Clavatae (p. 395)
15 (13)	Dorsal wings of inner petals very pronounced, overtopping apex; spur broad and short; bulblike apical rhizome bud small.		33 C. ser. Curviflorae (p. 386)
+	Dorsal wings of inner petals low, not overtopping apex; spur variable; bulblike apical rhizome bud often prominent		(16)
16 (15)	Plant very dense, fleshy and glaucous, less than 5 cm tall; flowers pale blue with whitish marks.		36 C. ser. Clavatae (p. 395)
+	Stem slender; flowers clear blue.		34 C. ser. Fusiformes (p. 390)
17 (2)	Annual or biennial		(18)
+	Perennial		(30)
18 (17)	Flowers pink to purple		(19)
+	Flowers yellow or white; fruiting pedicels ± arcuate or recurved		(24)
19 (18)	Bracts small, entire; fruiting pedicels ± arcuate or recurved		(20)
+	Bracts divided; fruiting pedicels straight or arcuate to recurved		(21)
20 (19)	Flowers ca. 15 mm; stigma transversely fusiform, each end with a papilla; capsule linear-oblong, not exploding.		5 C. sect. Aulacostigma (27. C. edulis: p. 308)
+	Flowers < 10 mm, stigma flattened with 2-6 apical papillae; capsule obovoid, explosively dehiscent.		19 C. sect. Fumarioides (p. 336)
21 (19)	Capsules pendent from straight erecto-patent pedicels.		40 C. sect. Incisae (p. 419)
+	Fruiting pedicels arcuate		(22)
22 (21)	Spur tapering to tip.		29 C. sect. Asterostigma (p. 358)
+	Spur cylindric		(23)
23 (22)	Pedicels 10-30 mm.		30 C. sect. Pubicaules (p. 364)
+	Pedicels 3-10 mm.		44 C. sect. Chinenses (p. 426)
24 (18)	Fruit obovoid, explosively dehiscent. 51!-!Fruit linear to oblong		(27)
25	Inner petals not, or only internally, tipped with blackish purple.		19 C. sect. Fumarioides (p. 336)
+	Inner petals externally tipped with blackish purple		(26)
26 (25)	Upper petal 9-12 mm; stems diffusely branched.		22 C. sect. Himalayanae (p. 343)
+	Upper petal 14-18 mm; stems and branches suberect.		24 C. sect. Ramososibiricae (p. 345)
27 (24)	Bracts large, much divided (Xinjiang).		23 C. sect. Tetragonia (132. C. capnoides: p. 345)
+	Bracts small, entire		(28)
28 (27)	Flowers < 10 mm, fruit narrowly linear.		4 C. sect. Cheilanthifoliae (p. 306)
+	Flowers > 11 mm; fruit linear-oblong to fusiform		(29)
29 (28)	Fruit explosively dehiscent; stigma flat, longer than broad; spur thin, straight, equaling inner petals.		21 C. sect. Angustiflorae (125. C. pseudodrakeana: p. 343)
+	Fruit not explosive; stigma not flat, 2-armed; spur saccate, shorter than inner petals.		6 C. sect. Sophorocapnos (p. 308)
30 (17)	Body of stigma ± terete, often transversely oblong; bracts small, lanceolate, often scarious; flowers usually with short rounded spur; fruit not explosively dehiscent; plant often xerophytic or chasmophytic		(31)
+	Stigma flattened, often ± squarish in outline; bracts small or large		(34)
31 (30)	Stigma with 6 simple and 2 paired distinct papillae; herb of dry areas with glaucous fragile foliage.		2 C. sect. Strictae (p. 299)
+	Stigma with much fewer or not distinct papillae		(32)
32 (31)	Stigma with 2 large erect papillae on a small body; seeds lacking elaiosome; erect robust herb.		1 C. sect. Bipapillatae (p. 299)
+	Stigma transversely oblong with indistinct papillae; low-growing chasmophytic herb		(33)
33 (32)	Leaves very glaucous, up to twice divided with obtuse leaflets.		3 C. sect. Thalictrifoliae (p. 303)
+	Leaves finely divided with acute leaflets.		4 C. sect. Cheilanthifoliae (p. 306)
34 (30)	Fruiting pedicels 3-6 cm		(35)
+	Fruiting pedicels shorter		(37)
35 (34)	Plants forming loose cushions; outer petals white; apex of inner petals yellow, turning red after fertilization.		45 C. sect. Vermiculares (357. C. brevirostrata: p. 427)
+	Plants not cushion-forming; flowers blue		(36)
36 (35)	Leaves finely divided, crispate.		277 C. anthocrene (p. 398)
+	Leaves flat with rounded leaflets.		15 C. sect. Rupifragae (78. C. rupifraga: p. 325)
37 (34)	Spur very strongly curved (to a semicircle or more); racemes very compact with numerous flowers; fruiting pedicels erect.		42 C. sect. Hamatae (p. 424)
+	Spur less curved		(38)
38 (37)	Rhizome with thick fleshy scales or bulbous persistent petiolar bases		(39)
+	Rhizome without fleshy scales or bulbous persistent petiolar bases or prominent bulblike terminal buds		(46)
39 (38)	Flowers yellow		(40)
+	Flowers blue, purple, pink, or white		(42)
40 (39)	Bracts small, undivided; pedicels < 8 mm, recurved in fruit.		18 C. sect. Davidianae (p. 330)
+	Bracts divided; pedicels > 8 mm, erect in fruit		(41)
41 (40)	Upper petal 19-23 mm (W Yunnan).		176 C. kiukiangensis (p. 361)
+	Upper petal 23-33 mm (N Sichuan).		39 C. sect. Ellipticarpae (p. 416)
42 (39)	Capsule linear, smoothly continuing pedicel, not explosive.		29 C. sect. Asterostigma (p. 358)
+	Capsule sharply reflexed from erect pedicel, explosively dehiscent, linear to obovoid		(43)
43 (42)	Leaf rosette with several large leaves with swollen petiolar bases to 3 cm forming prominent bulb; spur of upper petal slightly downcurved, tapering to tip; bracts much divided.		39 C. sect. Ellipticarpae (p. 416)
+	Leaf rosette few leaved, swollen part of petiole base to 1.5 cm		(44)
44 (43)	Corolla pink, conspicuously mucronate, spur straight or upcurved, tapering to thin apex; leaves bi- to tripinnate with crenate-dentate leaflets; bracts 2-8 mm.		38 C. sect. Mucronatae (p. 414)
+	Not as above; bracts usually larger		(45)
45 (44)	Stigma at least as broad as long; corolla blue to purple, rarely white.		37 C. sect. Elatae (p. 398)
+	Stigma much longer than broad; corolla white or pink, often with yellow apex.		38 C. sect. Mucronatae (p. 414)
46 (38)	Flowers blue or purple		(47)
+	Flowers yellow or cream		(55)
47 (46)	Sepals entire, 4-10 × 3-4 mm, early falling; spur 16-30 mm; inner petals 8-12 mm; rootstock robust, vertical; corolla acute; capsule obovoid, pendent from erect pedicel; cauline leaves with rounded whitish membranous auricles/stipules; robust erect forest floor herb.		17 C. sect. Archaeocapnos (p. 329)
+	Sepals dentate or much smaller, not early falling; spur comparatively shorter		(48)
48 (47)	Fruiting pedicels straight and erect, but sharply curved at tip.		26 C. sect. Latiflorae (p. 348)
+	Fruiting pedicels straight and erect, or recurved from base or middle		(49)
49 (48)	Capsules reflexed from straight erect pedicels		(50)
+	Capsules not reflexed from straight erect pedicels		(51)
50 (49)	Leaves bi- to tripinnate; low-growing plant in alpine scree; leaf rosette prominent, many leaved, 2-sided.		43 C. sect. Polyphyllae (p. 426)
+	Leaves biternate; stems slender, usually longer; leaf rosette few leaved, not obviously 2-sided.		41 C. sect. Priapos (p. 422)
51 (49)	Lower bracts leaflike with long stalk, distant; lower pedicels 15-30 mm; upper leaves with distinct auricles.		30 C. sect. Pubicaules (p. 364)
+	Lower bracts and pedicels shorter; leaves without auricles		(52)
52 (51)	Rhizome 1-2 × ca. 0.5 cm; stems slender; fruit linear.		29 C. sect. Asterostigma (p. 358)
+	Rhizome larger, cylindric; stems often robust; fruit oblong		(53)
53 (52)	Stem 7-15 cm; fruit explosively dehiscent; raceme capitate.		168 C. milarepa (p. 357)
+	Stem 15-70 cm; fruit not explosively dehiscent; raceme not capitate		(54)
54 (53)	Stigma rounded to squarish with several marginal papillae.		13 C. sect. Flaccidae (p. 320)
+	Stigma broadly semilunate with 2 flat triangular apical papillae.		12 C. sect. Kingianae (p. 319)
55 (46)	Rhizome short with dense cluster of long wiry roots; bracts small, entire; pedicels short, recurved in fruit.		18 C. sect. Davidianae (p. 330)
+	Rhizome without dense cluster of long wiry roots		(56)
56 (55)	Fruiting pedicels straight and erect for most of their length, but hooked at tip; low-growing alpine plants from Xizang and Qinghai		(57)
+	Fruiting pedicels straight and erect, or recurved from base or middle		(58)
57 (56)	Stigma conspicuously asymmetric with stalked papillae; cushion-forming "tap-rooted" perennials 2-7(-13) cm tall; flowers 8-15 mm, yellow or whitish, but inner petals often yellow at tip.		25 C. sect. Mucroniferae (p. 346)
+	Stigma symmetric; papillae not clearly stalked; stems and/or flowers often (but not always) larger.		26 C. sect. Latiflorae (p. 348)
58 (56)	Rhizome inconspicuous, 1-3 cm; stems erect to procumbent, thin, branched		(59)
+	Rhizome/rootstock thick and hollow, or long and cylindric, 5-20 cm; plant robust, often erect to suberect		(62)
59 (58)	Upper petal 20-30 mm.		29 C. sect. Asterostigma (p. 358)
+	Upper petal 10-17 mm		(60)
60 (59)	Lower bracts much longer than pedicels, 20-30 mm; stigma with basal lobes and basal papillae; fruiting pedicels erect; rhizome apically with a sterile leaf rosette.		41 C. sect. Priapos (p. 422)
+	Bracts shorter than pedicels, 4-10 mm; stigma lacking basal lobes and basal papillae, apical papillae ± clearly stalked or constricted at base; sterile leaf rosette lacking		(61)
61 (60)	Rhizome thin, with or without few fleshy lateral roots; stigma with a pair of geminate lateral papillae; inner petals dark tipped (except in 126. C. longipes).		22 C. sect. Himalayanae (p. 343)
+	Plant with ± deeply buried cylindric rootstock; stigma usually lacking geminate papillae; inner petals not dark tipped (except in 122. C. diffusa and 124. C. cavei).		20 C. sect. Radicosae (p. 341)
62 (58)	Rhizome swollen, irregular, eventually hollow; stems sharply ridged, hollow; raceme capitate; flowers acute, inner petals externally tipped with blackish purple.		11 C. sect. Capnogorium (61. C. nobilis: p. 319)
+	Rhizome cylindric, solid		(63)
63 (62)	Rootstock deeply buried without remnants of previous years growth; stems diffusely branched, thin; stigma lacking basal papillae, apical papillae ± constricted at base.		20 C. sect. Radicosae (p. 341)
+	Rhizome/rootstock reaching surface, with withered remnants of previous years petiolar bases and stems; stems often robust, erect to suberect; stigma with basal geminate papillae		(64)
64 (63)	Fruiting pedicel not rigidly recurved, capsule oblong, not explosively dehiscent.		13 C. sect. Flaccidae (p. 320)
+	Fruiting pedicel rigidly recurved, capsule usually obovoid, explosively dehiscent		(65)
65 (64)	First pair of leaflets of cauline leaves small, stipulelike.		28 C. sect. Geraniifoliae (169. C. borii: p. 358)
+	First pair of leaflets not stipulelike.		27 C. sect. Chrysocapnos (p. 351)