1	Vexillum pilose externally		(2)
+	Vexillum glabrous		(5)
2 (1)	Plant 8 cm or less long; calyx longer than the vexillum, vexillum 8.5 mm or less long		Astragalus mirus
+	Plant more than 10 cm long; calyx shorter than the vexillum, vexillum more than 10 mm long		(3)
3 (2)	Stipules longer than the internodes (aerial stem almost absent)		(4)
+	Stipules shorter than the internodes		Astragalus orbiculatus
4 (3)	Vexillum more than 3 cm long		Astragalus fernandezianus
+	Vexillum less than 2 cm long		Astragalus chitralensis
5 (1)	Leaflets verticillate		(6)
+	Leaflets not verticillate		(8)
6 (5)	Calyx covered with spreading hairs		Astragalus neubauerianus
+	Calyx glabrous or only minutely hairy in the upper portion		(7)
7 (6)	Raches less than 15 cm long, leaflets 3-6 in each whorl, c. 1-2 mm broad		Astragalus toppinianus
+	Raches more than 15 cm long, leaflets 4-12 in each whorl, c. 2-3 mm broad		Astragalus sp._A
8 (5)	Flowers sessile or subsessile, forming a compact head		(9)
+	Flowers pedicellate, not forming a compact head		(16)
9 (8)	Fruit curved at the base		(10)
+	Fruit not curved at the base		(12)
10 (9)	Fruit 12 mm or less long, glabrous or with appressed hairs		(11)
+	Fruit more than 13 mm long, with appressed and spreading hairs		Astragalus schimperi
11 (10)	Fruit with appressed hairs		Astragalus tribuloides var. tribuloides
+	Fruit glabrous to subglabrous (with a few hairs at the tip)		Astragalus tribuloides var. leiocarpus
12 (9)	Fruit as long as the calyx, unilocular		Astragalus leucocephalus
+	Fruit longer than the calyx, semibilocular-bilocular		(13)
13 (12)	Calyx cup 1-2 mm long, lower teeth x. 4 mm long, upper teeth c. 2.5 mm long, fruit rugose (Illustration.)		Astragalus contortuplicatus
+	Calyx cup c. 2-2.5 mm long, teeth c. 2 mm or less long		(14)
14 (13)	Leaflets emarginate, fruit ovate		(15)
+	Leaflets not emarginate, obtuse, rarely retuse; fruit semilunar, arcuate		Astragalus filicaulis
15 (14)	Fruit glabrous (Illustration.)		Astragalus ammophilus var. ammophilus
+	Fruit pubescent (Illustration.)		Astragalus ammophilus var. persepolitanus
16 (8)	Calyx totally glabrous (keel longer than the wing and the vexillum)		Astragalus concinnus
+	Calyx not totally glabrous		(17)
17 (16)	Fruit sessile or stipe less than 1 mm long		(18)
+	Fruit stipitate, stipe more 1 mm long		(62)
18 (17)	Internodes longer than the stipules		(19)
+	Internodes shorter than the stipules		(45)
19 (18)	Fruit abruptly curved near the tip		(20)
+	Fruit not abruptly curved near the tip		(23)
20 (19)	Vexillum appendiculate (Illustration). (fruit 1.5-1.7 cm long, septum extending up to half the length of the fruit). (Illustration.)		Astragalus gracilipes
+	Vexillum not appendiculate		(21)
21 (20)	Fruit long, slender, 1-2 mm broad, slightly torulose		Astragalus ophiocarpus
+	Fruit more than 2 mm broad, not torulose		(22)
22 (21)	Fruit glabrous, corrugated (Illustration.)		Astragalus corrugatus
+	Fruit pubescent, not corrugated		Astragalus campylorrhynchus
23 (19)	Margin of the fruit spiny (Illustration.)		Astragalus compositus
+	Margin of the fruit not spiny		(24)
24 (23)	Fruit glabrous or glabrescent		(25)
+	Fruit pilose		(28)
25 (24)	Leaf raches hard, spiny		Astragalus webbianus
+	Leaf raches not hard and spiny		(26)
26 (25)	Plant covered with white and black spreading hairs, leaflets more than 15 pairs (Illustration.)		Astragalus retamocarpus
+	Plant glabrous or with white appressed hairs only, leaflets 8 pairs or less		(27)
27 (26)	Inflorescence elongated, more than 5 cm long with more than 10 racemosely arranged flowers; fruit longitudinally dorsally grooved		Astragalus macropterus
+	Inflorescence less than 5 cm long, with 1-3, 3-6-flowered clusters, fruit without grooves (Illustration.)		Astragalus oxyglottis
28 (24)	Stipules almost encircling the stem (at least more than half the girth)		(29)
+	Stipules not encircling the stem		(36)
29 (28)	Plant (except the old stem) villous, calyx cup more than 5 mm (inflorescence lax.)		Astragalus polybotrys
+	Plant not villous, calyx cup less than 5 mm		(30)
30 (29)	Bracts longer than the calyx, fruit 2-seeded		Astragalus melanostachys
+	Bracts shorter than the calyx, fruit more than 2-seeded		(31)
31 (30)	Fruit arcuate, semilunar		(32)
+	Fruit not as above		(35)
32 (31)	Calyx teeth shorter than the cup		(33)
+	Calyx teeth longer than the cup		(34)
33 (32)	Keel 5-7 mm long		Astragalus strictus
+	Keel 8-10 mm long		Astragalus confertus
34 (32)	Wing longer than or subequal to the keel; leaflets c. 2-3.5 mm long, c.1 mm broad; vexillum appreciably longer than the keel		Astragalus jabbor-khailii
+	Wing shorter than the keel; leaflets 3.0-5.0 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm broad; vexillum subequal or slightly longer than the keel		Astragalus lowarensis
35 (31)	Fruit rugose (Illustration.)		Astragalus densiflorus
+	Fruit not rugose		Astragalus clarkeanus
36 (28)	Inflorescence a terminal panicle, 25 cm or more long		Astragalus tephrosoides var. lacei
+	Inflorescence not a terminal panicle, not as long as above		(37)
37 (36)	Flower less than 1 cm long (c. 6-7 mm), fruit arcuate		(38)
+	Flower more than 1 cm long		(39)
38 (37)	Fruit more than 12 (c. 20)-seeded, more than 12 mm long		Astragalus hauarensis var. hauarensis
+	Fruit 5-12-seeded, c. 12 mm long		Astragalus hauarensis var. brachycarpus
39 (37)	Calyx teeth equal to or longer than the cup		(40)
+	Calyx teeth shorter than the cup		(43)
40 (39)	Calyx cylindrical, keel c. 2.5 mm broad		Astragalus orthocarpus
+	Calyx campanulate, keel c. 4.5 mm broad		(41)
41 (40)	Leaflets 31-37 per leaf, c. 5-10 mm long		Astragalus zarghumensis
+	Leaflets 49-59 per leaf, 8-30 mm long		(42)
42 (41)	Plant villous, hairs white		Astragalus albovillosus var. albovillosus
+	Plant villous, hairs black and white		Astragalus albovillosus var. nigrescens
43 (39)	Petiole less than 1 cm long; calyx teeth c. 5 mm long		Astragalus polybotrys
+	Petiole more than 1 cm long		(44)
44 (43)	Leaflets c. 4-10 mm long, c. 2-5 mm broad; peduncle 8-50 mm long		Astragalus malacophyllus
+	Leaflets 11-20 mm long, c. 5-12 mm broad; peduncle 4.5-11.5 mm long		Astragalus kashmirensis
45 (18)	Fruit curved inward abruptly near the tip (vexillum appendiculate)		(46)
+	Fruit not as above		(47)
46 (45)	Fruit 1.5-1.7 cm long, septum extending up to half the length of the fruit (Illustration.)		Astragalus gracilipes
+	Fruit 2-3.5 cm long, septum extending more than half the length of the fruit (Illustration.)		Astragalus affghanus
47 (45)	Ovary and fruit glabrous		(48)
+	Ovary and fruit pilose		(49)
48 (47)	Leaflets less than 3 mm long		Astragalus minuto-foliolatus
+	Leaflets more than 3 mm long		Astragalus webbianus
49 (47)	Flower less than 1 cm (c. 6-9 mm) long, fruit arcuate		(50)
+	Flower more than 1 cm long, fruit not as above		(52)
50 (49)	Leaflets c. 1 mm broad, fruit less than 1 cm long		Astragalus confertus
+	Leaflets more than 1 mm broad, fruit more than 1 cm long		(51)
51 (50)	Fruit 12(-20)-seeded, more than 12 mm long		Astragalus hauarensis var. hauarensis
+	Fruit 5-12-seeded, c. 12 mm long		Astragalus hauarensis var. brachycarpus
52 (49)	Leaflets acute		(53)
+	Leaflets not acute		(54)
53 (52)	Leaf c. 6 cm long, leaflets velvety tomentose on both sides		Astragalus sultani
+	Leaf more than 10 cm long, leaflets glabrous above, pilose below		Astragalus gompholobium
54 (52)	Leaflets orbicular to suborbicular		Astragalus pyrrhotrichus
+	Leaflets not as above		(55)
55 (54)	Peduncle 6-31.5 cm long (Illustration.)		Astragalus flemingii
+	Peduncle less than 5 cm long		(56)
56 (55)	Lower calyx teeth 5 mm or more long		(57)
+	Lower calyx teeth 3-4 mm long		(59)
57 (56)	Inflorescence pedunculate, peduncle 8-50 cm long		Astragalus malacophyllus
+	Inflorescence sessile or peduncle 5 mm long		(58)
58 (57)	Upper calyx teeth c. 6 mm long, seeds c. 8 per fruit		Astragalus staintonianus
+	Upper calyx teeth c. 3-4 mm long, seeds more than 10 per fruit		Astragalus rhizanthus
59 (56)	Leaflets 15-25, rarely 31 per leaf		(60)
+	Leaflets 39 or more per leaf		(61)
60 (59)	Rachis stout, erect		Astragalus zanskarensis
+	Rachis not stout, curved		Astragalus pindreensis
61 (59)	The distance between the two successive pairs of leaflets more than 3 mm		Astragalus nicharensis
+	The distance between the successive pairs of leaflets c. 3 mm or less (Illustration.)		Astragalus purpurascens
62 (17)	Internodes longer than the stipules		(63)
+	Internodes shorter than the stipules		(79)
63 (62)	Ovary and pod glabrous		(64)
+	Ovary and pod pubescent		(69)
64 (63)	Calyx teeth deltoid, c. 1.5 mm or less long		(65)
+	Calyx teeth not deltoid, longer than 1.5 mm		(66)
65 (64)	Leaflets 7 per leaf, elliptic-ovate		Astragalus pseudochlorostachys
+	Leaflets more than 7(13-17) per leaf		Astragalus chlorostachys
66 (64)	Stipules not foliaceous, c.1 mm broad		(67)
+	Stipules foliaceous, c. 4 mm or more broad		(68)
67 (66)	Fruit 10-12-seeded, c. 1.5-1.8 cm long (excluding the stipe and the style) (Illustration.)		Astragalus bakeri
+	Fruit 6-8-seeded , c. 1.3 cm or less long (excluding the stipe and the style) (Illustration.)		Astragalus stewartii
68 (66)	Leaflets oblong to oblong-lanceolate, fruit curved, not ensiform (Illustration.)		Astragalus concretus
+	Leaflets round elliptical ovate, fruit straight, ensiform (Illustration.)		Astragalus graveolens
69 (63)	Fruit arcuate		Astragalus strictus
+	Fruit not arcuate		(70)
70 (69)	Stipules foliaceous, more than 1 cm broad		Astragalus kuramensis
+	Stipules not as above		(71)
71 (70)	Fruit unilocular		(72)
+	Fruit bilocular (partly or completely)		(75)
72 (71)	Calyx teeth c. 1 mm or less		Astragalus frigidus
+	Calyx teeth more than 1 mm long		(73)
73 (72)	Leaflets elliptic, acute		Astragalus oxyodon
+	Leaflets oblong, obtuse-truncate or emarginate		(74)
74 (73)	Calyx teeth equal to or longer than the cup		Astragalus maddenianus
+	Calyx teeth shorter than the cup (cup c. 3 mm, teeth c. 1-2 mm)		Astragalus himalayanus
75 (71)	Fruit oblong, gibbous, whole plant covered with dense white spreading hairs		Astragalus munroi
+	Not as above		(76)
76 (75)	Stipe shorter than the calyx cup		(77)
+	Stipe longer than the calyx cup		Astragalus maxwellii
77 (76)	Calyx teeth c. 1-3 mm long, with black hairs		Astragalus tibetanus
+	Calyx teeth 4 mm or more long, with yellowish or black and white hairs		(78)
78 (77)	Plant villous, upper calyx teeth 4 mm, lower 5 mm long, with black and white hairs. (Illustration.)		Astragalus pseudo-beckii
+	Plant not villous, upper calyx teeth 5 mm, lower 6 mm long, with yellowish hairs		Astragalus candolleanus
79 (62)	Ovary and fruit glabrous		(80)
+	Ovary and fruit pubescent		(81)
80 (79)	Leaflets and calyx subpubescent		Astragalus edelbergianus
+	Leaflets and calyx uniformly pubescent		Astragalus sechremetevianus
81 (79)	Leaflets orbicular-ovate or orbicular-obovate		Astragalus flexus
+	Leaflets not orbicular		(82)
82 (81)	Fruit 11-12 mm broad. (Illustration.)		Astragalus auganus
+	Fruit c. 6 mm or less broad		(83)
83 (82)	Vexillum panduriform		Astragalus rhizocephalus
+	Vexillum not panduriform		(84)
84 (83)	Calyx teeth 9-10 mm long, longer than the cup		Astragalus gilgitensis
+	Calyx teeth 6-6.5 mm long, shorter than the cup		Astragalus candolleanus