| 1 |
Umbels apparently simple. Prostrate herbs. Carpophore lacking |
|
(2) |
| + |
Umbels compound, rarely simple on erect plants. Flowers laxly arranged or in dense heads. Plants prostrate to erect |
|
(4) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Plants glabrous or pubescent. Hairs simple |
|
(3) |
| + |
Plants stellate pubescent |
|
Bowlesia |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Leaves finely pubescent. Involucre of 2 orbicular to Ovate bracts. Fruit with 2 reticulated secondary dorsal ridges. Leaf bases sheathing |
|
Centella |
| + |
Leaves sparsely pubescent. Involucre inconspicuous. Fruit without secondary ridges. Leaf bases not sheathing |
|
Hydrocotyle |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (1) |
Flowers and fruits in sessile or subsessile dense heads or head-like umbellets. Fruit ridges not conspicuous. Calyx prominent & persistent. Fruit with scales or uncinate hairs |
|
(5) |
| + |
Flowers and fruits pedicellate, sessile or subsessile. Fruit with primary or secondary ridges prominent or not winged; glabrous, scaly, pubescent to villous, hispid bristly or spiny. Leaves simple or compound |
|
(6) |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (4) |
Flowers in head-like irregularly compound, few rayed umbellets. Fruit with uncinate hairs. Leaves not rigid or spinosa |
|
Sanicula |
| + |
Flowers in dense bracteate heads. Fruit scaly. Leaves and bracts rigid and spinose |
|
Eryngium |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (4) |
Leaves simple with entire margins, narrowly linear to lanceolate or broadly ovate to almost orbicular |
|
Bupleurum |
| + |
Leaves simple or compound, variously lobed or divided |
|
(7) |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (6) |
Water or marsh plants. Fruit ridges corky or embedded in corky pericarp; ridges prominent, not winged |
|
(8) |
| + |
Plants not growing in water or marshes (except Apium). Fruit ridges prominent or not prominent, winged or not winged, corky or not corky |
|
(11) |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (7) |
Fruit ridges hidden in corky thickened pericarp. Vittae numerous |
|
Berula |
| + |
All or some fruit ridges prominent, corky; furrows I- vittate |
|
(9) |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (8) |
Lateral fruit ridges broad, corky; dorsal and intermediate ridges not prominent. Calyx teeth prominent |
|
Oenanthe |
| + |
All fruit ridges corky and prominent. Calyx teeth absent or minute |
|
(10) |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (9) |
Calyx teeth absent. Involucral bracts present |
|
Sium |
| + |
Calyx teeth minute. Involucral bracts absent |
|
Cicuta |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 (7) |
Fruit with all or some ridges spongy, vesiculate, winged, wavy or transversely folded. Fruit surface not hairy |
|
(12) |
| + |
Fruit with all or some ridges prominent or not prominent or not prominent, winged or not winged. Fruit glabrous to pubescent, or hispid, setulose, tomentose to villous, papillate to muricate or tuberculate or equipped with barbs or bristles |
|
(16) |
| |
|
|
|
| 12 (11) |
Fruit ridges corky, transversely folded, not winged; pericarp lax with vesicles; vesicles uniseriate. Root tuberous |
|
Ormopterum |
| + |
Fruit ridges winged, wavy or transversely folded; pericarp spongy or not spongy, tubercled or not tubercled. Roots not tuberous |
|
(13) |
| |
|
|
|
| 13 (12) |
Fruit wall spongy or not spongy; tubercled or not tubercled. Bractlets pinnate or not pinnate, broadly white margined or green |
|
(14) |
| + |
Fruit wall spongy or not spongy, not tubercled. Bractlets minute |
|
(15) |
| |
|
|
|
| 14 (13) |
Fruit wall spongy, tubercled. Bractlets green, pinnate |
|
Trachydium |
| + |
Fruit wall spongy or not spongy, tubercled or not tubercled. Bractlets pinnate or entire, broadly white margined |
|
Pleurospermum |
| |
|
|
|
| 15 (13) |
Fruit wall spongy. Inner seed face sulcate |
|
Prangos |
| + |
Fruit wall not spongy. Inner seed face plane |
|
Stewartiella |
| |
|
|
|
| 16 (11) |
Fruit strongly dorsally compressed; lateral ridges broadly narrowly winged |
|
(17) |
| + |
Fruit compressed to terete; lateral ridges inconspicuous to prominent, not winged |
|
(29) |
| |
|
|
|
| 17 (16) |
Fruit lateral ridges broadly winged, tumid |
|
(18) |
| + |
Fruit lateral ridges broadly to narrowly winged, not tumid |
|
(19) |
| |
|
|
|
| 18 (17) |
Calyx teeth minute. Winged fruit margin continuous with the seed |
|
Ducrosia |
| + |
Calyx teeth prominent. Winged fruit margin Separated from the seed by a hyaline area |
|
Zosima |
| |
|
|
|
| 19 (17) |
Umbels simple, racemosely arranged |
|
Dorema |
| + |
Umbels compound |
|
(20) |
| |
|
|
|
| 20 (19) |
Inflorescence branched; central umbel sessile or shortly pedunculate |
|
(21) |
| + |
Inflorescence not branched; umbels pedunculate(Sometimes sessile in Cortia and Apium) |
|
(22) |
| |
|
|
|
| 21 (20) |
Fruit glabrous |
|
Ferula |
| + |
Fruit pubescent |
|
Schumannia |
| |
|
|
|
| 22 (20) |
Fruit vittae extending about 2/3 the length of the seed, linear or club shaped. Petals radiant |
|
Heracleum |
| + |
Fruit vittae extending to the base of the fruit, linear.Petals radiant or not |
|
(23) |
| |
|
|
|
| 23 (22) |
Fruit dorsal and intermediate ridges very prominent to narrowly winged. Fruit glabrous, pubescent, villous or spiny |
|
(24) |
| + |
Fruit dorsal and intermediate ridges not elevated; lateral winged. Fruit glabrous to pubescent |
|
(28) |
| |
|
|
|
| 24 (23) |
Fruit 6—12 mm long; wings of the lateral ridges of the 2 mericarps separate at the margins |
|
Angelica |
| + |
Fruit not more than 6 mm long; wings of the lateral ridges of the 2 mericarps closely appressed at the margins |
|
(25) |
| |
|
|
|
| 25 (24) |
Dorsal fruit furrows 2—4 vittate. Bracts and bractlets not divided |
|
Ligusticum |
| + |
Dorsal fruit furrows I – vittate. Bracts and bractlets divided or not divided |
|
(26) |
| |
|
|
|
| 26 (25) |
Flowers yellow. Plants annual |
|
Anethum |
| + |
Flowers white purple. Plants perennial |
|
(27) |
| |
|
|
|
| 27 (26) |
Stem base not fibrous. Umbels sessile or pedunculate. Rays not conferted. Calyx teeth prominent |
|
Cortia |
| + |
Stem base usually fibrous. Umbels pedunculate. Rays conferted. Calyx teeth prominent or obsolete |
|
Selinum |
| |
|
|
|
| 28 (23) |
Plants shrubby. Stems many from the base |
|
Platytaenia |
| + |
Plants usually not shrubby. Usually I stem from the base |
|
Peucedanum |
| |
|
|
|
| 29 (16) |
Fruit lateral ridges conspicuous. Fruit spiny, setosa, pilose or glabrous |
|
(31) |
| + |
Fruit lateral ridges on the commissural surface or obsolete. Fruit spiny |
|
(30) |
| |
|
|
|
| 30 (29) |
Fruit lateral ridges on the commissural surface with a row of spines; the dorsal and the intermediate ridges with 2-3 rows of spines |
|
Turgenia |
| + |
Lateral ridges in conspicuous; the dorsal and the intermediate ridges with 2-3 spines each |
|
Lisaea |
| |
|
|
|
| 31 (29) |
Fruit secondary ridges well developed. Fruit spiny, setulose to bristly or pilose to hispid |
|
(32) |
| + |
Fruit secondary ridges not developed. Fruit glabrous to pubescent or setulose |
|
(35) |
| |
|
|
|
| 32 (31) |
Plants annual. Fruit spiny to hispid or setulose |
|
(33) |
| + |
Plants perennial. Fruit spiny to bristly |
|
(34) |
| |
|
|
|
| 33 (32) |
Fruit 4-6 mm long; setulose or pilose. Calyx teeth long linear |
|
Cuminum |
| + |
Fruit 1-2.5 mm long; pilose to hispid. Calyx teeth obsolete |
|
Psammogeton |
| |
|
|
|
| 34 (32) |
Involucral bracts divided. Inner seed face plane |
|
Daucus |
| + |
Involucral bracts not divided. Inner seed face sulcate |
|
Torilis |
| |
|
|
|
| 35 (31) |
fruit glabrous, ovate to oblong, Involucral bracts pinnately divided. Stem short or reduced |
|
Schultzia |
| + |
Fruit glabrous to pubescent, scaly, muricate or setosa; oval to ovoid or linear to cylindrical. Involucral bracts divided or not. Stem well developed |
|
(36) |
| |
|
|
|
| 36 (35) |
Fruit oval to ovoid, rarely cylindrical, not more than 3 times longer than broad. Inner seed face grooved or not grooved |
|
(37) |
| + |
Fruit liner to cylindrical or ellipsoid; more than 4 time as long as broad. Inner seed face grooved |
|
(43) |
| |
|
|
|
| 37 (36) |
Roots tuberous to fusiform |
|
(38) |
| + |
Roots not tuberous or fusiform |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| 38 (37) |
Fruit sub-didymous, ridges thin or inconspicuous. Inner seed face concave, usually with 2 grooves |
|
Scaligeria |
| + |
Fruit ovoid to oblong or cylindrical; ridges prominent. Inner seed face plane to slightly concave |
|
Bunium |
| |
|
|
|
| 39 |
Fruit pubescent to pilose, hispid, or muricate |
|
(40) |
| + |
Fruit glabrous or scaly |
|
(48) |
| |
|
|
|
| 40 (39) |
Fruit muricate or with T-shaped or clavate hairs |
|
Trachyspermum |
| + |
Fruit hispid or pubescent |
|
(41) |
| |
|
|
|
| 41 (40) |
Fruit laterally compressed; furrows 2-3 vittate |
|
Pimpinella |
| + |
Fruit slightly laterally compressed or subterete to dorsally compressed; furrows I- Vittate |
|
(42) |
| |
|
|
|
| 42 (41) |
Plants perennial. Rays 2-10. Fruit slightly laterally compressed |
|
Eriocycla |
| + |
Plants annual or perennial. Rays 10-50. Fruit sub-terete to dorsally compressed |
|
Seseli |
| |
|
|
|
| 43 (36) |
Plants annual. Leaf segments filiform to linear. Fruit hispid to setulose, I-3.5 cm long; beak elongated |
|
Scandix |
| + |
Plants perennial. Leaf segments linear to oval or ovate. Fruit glabrous to pubescent or hispid, 4-15 mm long |
|
(44) |
| |
|
|
|
| 44 (43) |
Fruit glabrous, narrowed at the apex |
|
Chaerophyllum |
| + |
Fruit glabrate to pubescent, pilose or hispid |
|
(45) |
| |
|
|
|
| 45 (44) |
Fruit up to 15 mm long, hispid all over the surface. Leaves with large oval to ovate segments or pinnately divided with linear to oval segments |
|
(46) |
| + |
Fruit 5-10 mm long, pubescent to pilose. Central flower of an umbellet sessile and fertile, surrounded by male flowers Leaf segments spiny |
|
(47) |
| |
|
|
|
| 46 (45) |
Fruit attenuated at the base, covered with appressed hairs. Leaves large with oval to ovate segments |
|
Osmorhiza |
| + |
Fruit dark hispid, rarely glabrate. Leaves with linear to oval segments |
|
Anthriscus |
| |
|
|
|
| 47 (45) |
Fruit pilose surrounded by the pedicels of the male flowers |
|
Pycnocycla |
| + |
Fruit finely pubescent in a depression in the receptacle and surrounded by the pedicels of the male flowers |
|
Echinophora |
| |
|
|
|
| 48 (39) |
Vittae in fruit furrows obscure |
|
(49) |
| + |
Vittae in fruit furrows evident |
|
(50) |
| |
|
|
|
| 49 (48) |
Fruit broadly ovoid to sub-orbicular, glabrous. Inner seed face. Inner seed face concave |
|
Coriandrum |
| + |
Fruit ovoid to oblong, glabrous or scaly. Inner seed face plane |
|
Aegopodium |
| |
|
|
|
| 50 (48) |
Flowers yellow. Fruit furrows I-vittate. Plants perennial. Leaf segments filiform |
|
Foeniculum |
| + |
Flowers white to pinkish or greenish-yellow. Fruit furrows I to numerous vittate. Plants annual or perennial. Leaf segments filiform to oval or ovate |
|
(51) |
| |
|
|
|
| 51 (50) |
Fruit furrows I-vittate |
|
(52) |
| + |
Fruit furrows 2 to numerous vittate |
|
(55) |
| |
|
|
|
| 52 (51) |
Fruit oblong, 3-4 mm long; fruit pedicels very unequal |
|
Carum |
| + |
Fruit oblong to sub-globose, 1-3 mm long; fruit pedicels more or less equal |
|
(53) |
| |
|
|
|
| 53 (52) |
Fruit oblong to ovate. Rays up to 50. Involucral bracts divided |
|
(14) |
| + |
Fruit broadly ovate or ovoid to sub-orbicular. Rays up to 20. Involucral bracts entire or lacking |
|
(54) |
| |
|
|
|
| 54 (53) |
Peduncles lacking or up to 1 cm long. Involucral bracts lacking. Rays 1-10. Fruit c. 1 mm long |
|
Apium |
| + |
Peduncles 3-15 cm long, Involucral bracts 1-3 or lacking. Rays 3-20. Fruit c. 3 mm long |
|
Petroselinum |
| |
|
|
|
| 55 (51) |
Inner seed face plane to slightly concave. Fruit furrows 2-4-vittate |
|
Pimpinella |
| + |
Inner seed face grooved or deeply sulcate. Fruit furrows 2-5-vittate or vittae numerous, minute |
|
(56) |
| |
|
|
|
| 56 (55) |
Fruit oblong to ovoid; furrows 2-5-vittate. Plants 5-30 cm tall |
|
Vicatia |
| + |
Fruit broadly ovoid; furrows with numerous minute vittae. Plants 1-3 m tall |
|
Conium |
